SUMMARY OF BOARD DECISIONS
Summary of Board decisions are provided for the information and
convenience of constituents who want to follow the Board’s deliberations. All of
the conclusions reported are tentative and may be changed at future Board
meetings. Decisions are included in an Exposure Draft for formal comment only
after a formal written ballot. Decisions in an Exposure Draft may be (and often
are) changed in redeliberations based on information provided to the Board in
comment letters, at public roundtable discussions, and through other
communication channels. Decisions become final only after a formal written
ballot to issue an Accounting Standards Update.
September 7, 2011 FASB Board Meeting
Insurance
contracts. The FASB continued its discussion on insurance contracts
by discussing the subsequent accounting for a single margin and the accounting
for the liability for incurred claims in the post-claim period for those
contracts meeting the eligibility requirements to use the premium allocation
approach.
Accounting for a Single Margin Approach
The
FASB tentatively decided that an insurer is released from risk for the purpose
of recognizing the single margin in profit:
- If the variability of the cash flows of a specified uncertain future event
is primarily due to timing of that event, an insurer is released from risk on
the basis of reduced uncertainty in the timing of the specified
event.
- If the variability of the cash flows of a specified uncertain future event
is primarily due to the frequency and severity of that event, an insurer is
released from risk as variability in the cash flows is reduced as information
about expected cash flows becomes more known throughout the life cycle of the
contract.
The FASB tentatively decided to include the following
implementation guidance:
- An insurer should consider specific facts and circumstances to
qualitatively determine if a reduction in the variability of cash flows has
occurred to the extent an insurer is released from risk. Those facts and
circumstances should include the following:
- The entity’s relative experience with the types of contracts
- The entity’s past experience in estimating expected cash flows
- Inherent difficulties in estimating expected cash flows
- The relative homogeneity of the portfolio and within the
portfolio
- Past experience not being representative of future results.
- A reduction in the variability of the cash flows such that an insurer is
released from risk is a matter of judgment and should be based on facts and
circumstances unique to the entity and the nature of the insurance contracts.
Different insurers may define a reduction in variability of cash flows in
different ways, as further information is obtained about the expected cash
flows during the life cycle of an insurance portfolio. The points in the life
cycle that should be considered for examination and assessment, among other
points in the life cycle, include the following:
- When an insurer incurs a claim but that claim has not yet been
reported
- When a claim has been reported
- As additional information becomes known
- The point at which the parties to the contract have agreed upon a
settlement amount
- The point at which the claim has been paid.
- An insurer should disclose the methodology used to calculate the profit
realization of the single margin.
At a future meeting, the Board will
discuss the accounting for the single margin when a contract is deemed to be
onerous.
Accounting for the Liability for Incurred Claims under the
Premium Allocation Approach
The FASB tentatively decided that the
liability for incurred claims should be measured as the present value of
unbiased expected cash flows (statistical mean) without a single margin. The
discount rate should reflect the characteristics of the liability when the
effect of discounting is material.
At a future meeting, the Board will
consider whether it should include an exception to when discounting is required.
Accounting
for financial instruments: disclosures. The Board discussed the
results of the staff’s outreach, the project’s scope, and the staff’s
recommended disclosures for liquidity and interest rate risk and made the
following decisions.
Scope
- The scope for the proposed disclosures about liquidity risk would include
all entities, but only financial institutions would provide
disclosures about interest rate risk.
- Financial institutions would include banks, savings and loan
associations, savings banks, credit unions, finance companies, and insurance
entities. The term financial institutions is described in paragraph
942-320-50-1 of the FASB Accounting Standards
Codification®.
- The disclosures applicable to financial institutions would be
applicable to reportable segments of entities, for example, those reportable
segments that engage in transactions that involve lending to or financing the
activities of others. The term reportable segment is described in
Section 280-10-50 of the Codification.
Proposed
Disclosures
The proposed disclosures would be required for interim
and annual reporting periods, except for nonpublic, nonfinancial entities, which
would be required to provide the liquidity risk disclosures only for annual
reporting periods.
Qualitative
For interest rate
risk and liquidity risk arising from financial instruments, an entity would
disclose the following:
- The exposure to risks and how they arise
- Its objectives, policies, and processes for managing the risks and the
methods used to measure the risks
- Any changes in item (1) or (2) from the previous period and the reasons
for the changes.
Liquidity Risk—Quantitative
- All entities would provide disclosure about their available liquid funds,
which includes unencumbered cash and high-quality liquid assets, and borrowing
availability such as lines of credit. This disclosure would include a
discussion about the effect of regulatory, tax, legal, and other restrictions
that could limit the transferability of funds among entities in the
consolidated group, for example, between the parent company and
subsidiaries.
- Financial institutions would provide a tabular disclosure based
on expected maturities of classes of financial assets and financial
liabilities. Financial instruments that are classified at fair value through
net income, with the exception of derivatives, would not be placed in maturity
buckets and would only show the total carrying amount. The term expected
maturity relates to contractual settlement of the instrument, not the
entity’s expected timing of the sale of the instrument. The table would
include the entity’s off-balance-sheet commitments, for example, loan
commitments and lines of credit.
- Nonfinancial entities would provide a tabular disclosure of their
undiscounted cash obligations, including off-balance-sheet obligations.
Interest Rate Risk—Quantitative
Only
financial institutions would provide disclosures about interest rate
risk.
- A financial institution would provide a tabular disclosure about when its
classes of financial assets and financial liabilities would reprice (that is,
when their interest rate would be reset). This table also would include the
weighted-average yield and duration of the classes of financial assets and
financial liabilities.
- A depository institution would provide a tabular disclosure about its
issuance of time deposits during the last four quarters. This disclosure would
show the entity’s average rate and average life for insured, uninsured, and
brokered deposits.
- A financial institution would provide a tabular disclosure of the effect
of prospective, hypothetical interest rate shifts on the entity’s
interest-sensitive financial assets and liabilities. The table would present
the effect of parallel shifts, flatteners, and steepeners. This disclosure
does not incorporate the effects of certain assumptions such as a company’s
strategy related to assumed growth rate or change in asset mix.
Accounting
for financial instruments: classification and measurement. The
Board discussed the following two topics related to classification and
measurement of financial instruments:
- Conditional fair value option for groups of financial assets and financial
liabilities
- Hybrid financial assets.
Conditional Fair Value Option for
Groups of Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities
The Board
decided that at initial recognition, an entity would be permitted to measure a
group of financial assets and financial liabilities at fair value with changes
in fair value recognized in net income if the entity (1) manages the net
exposure relating to those financial assets and financial liabilities (which may
be derivative instruments) and (2) provides information on that basis to the
reporting entity’s management.
Hybrid Financial
Assets
The Board decided that for hybrid financial assets, an entity
would be permitted, at initial recognition, to apply a conditional fair value
option to avoid bifurcation and separate accounting of an embedded derivative
feature. An entity would be permitted to measure a hybrid financial asset at
fair value in its entirety after the entity has determined that an embedded
derivative feature exists that otherwise would require bifurcation and separate
accounting.
Agenda decision announcement: impairment of
indefinite-lived intangible assets. In response to the feedback
received on the goodwill impairment proposal, the FASB chairman added a
short-term, narrow-scope project to the FASB agenda to simplify the manner in
which an entity tests other indefinite-lived intangible assets for impairment.