Sustainability Reporting Resources

This Heads Up discusses the European Commission’s recent proposed omnibus legislation, which aims to significantly reduce the sustainability and due diligence reporting burdens for entities that are currently within the scope of the Corporate Sustainability Reporting Directive (CSRD), the EU Taxonomy (EUT), and the Corporate Sustainability Due Diligence Directive (CSDDD).

This Heads Up discusses the FASB’s recently issued proposed Accounting Standards Update (ASU) Environmental Credits and Environmental Credit Obligations (Topic 818), which was released as part of the Board’s project on environmental credit programs.

This Heads Up briefly discusses SB-219, Greenhouse Gases: Climate Corporate Accountability: Climate-Related Financial Risk, which amends portions of Sections 38532 and 38533 of the California Health and Safety Code that were established upon the passage of California state senate bills SB-253, Climate Corporate Data Accountability Act, and SB-261, Greenhouse Gases: Climate-Related Financial Risk. While the new legislation is expected to reduce the financial burden of complying with SB-253, it does not delay the reporting deadlines under SB-253 or SB-261.

This Heads Up discusses possible approaches to performing a double materiality assessment under the E.U. Corporate Sustainability Reporting Directive. Assessing double materiality is a critical step in entities’ determination of the disclosures required for sustainability reporting.

The 2025 edition of Deloitte’s Life Sciences Industry Accounting Guide addresses topics of relevance to finance and accounting professionals in the life sciences industry, such as acquisitions and divestitures, consolidation, contingencies and loss recoveries, financial instruments, income taxes, leases, research and development (R&D), and revenue recognition. Topics added this year include enabling technology, E.U. Corporate Sustainability Reporting Directive (CSRD) requirements, ASU 2023-07 on segment reporting, and ASU 2024-03 on disaggregation of income statement expenses (DISE).

This Heads Up examines the SEC’s final rule on climate disclosures in detail. The final rule requires registrants to provide climate-related information in their annual reports and registration statements.

This Heads Up briefly highlights key provisions of the SEC’s final rule on climate disclosures.

This Heads Up updates the August 17, 2023, edition, which discusses the E.U. Corporate Sustainability Reporting Directive (CSRD) as well as the recently adopted European Sustainability Reporting Standards (ESRS).

This Heads Up discusses the FASB’s recent tentative decisions related to its project on environmental credit programs, including decisions on the recognition and measurement of liabilities.

The Greenhouse Gas (GHG) Protocol provides a framework for companies and other types of organizations preparing a GHG emission inventory. Specifically, it addresses the accounting for and reporting of seven GHGs: carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, hydrofluorocarbons, perfluorocarbons, sulfur hexafluoride, and nitrogen trifluoride.

This Roadmap discusses how companies account for and report direct (Scope 1) and indirect (Scope 2 and Scope 3) greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions under the GHG Protocol.

This Roadmap provides Deloitte’s insights into and interpretations of the accounting guidance on environmental obligations in ASC 410-30 and asset retirement obligations (AROs) in ASC 410-20.

This Heads Up discusses certain tentative decisions reached at the FASB’s October 11, 2023, meeting related to the Board’s project on the accounting for environmental credit programs. Because the treatment of such credits is not explicitly addressed in U.S. GAAP, entities have used different approaches, and questions have emerged, related to how to account for them.

This Heads Up was updated to note that on the basis of the legislative intent expressed by the author of California’s AB-1305, "Voluntary Carbon Market Disclosures," companies may not have to provide the disclosures required under the bill until January 1, 2025.

This Heads Up discusses the International Sustainability Standards Board’s issuance of its first two standards, IFRS S1 and IFRS S2, which address disclosure requirements related to an entity’s governance, strategy, risk management, and sustainability-related metrics and targets. Marking an important milestone in the standardization of global corporate sustainability reporting, IFRS S1 and IFRS S2 are intended to improve the alignment and interoperability of global ESG standards while reducing the reporting burden for preparers and enhancing the usefulness of sustainability disclosures for investors.

This issue highlights accounting considerations for airlines, SAF developers, and partners related to purchases and sales of (1) SAF and (2) SAF emission reduction reporting rights. In addition, it discusses efforts to develop a SAF certificate framework (e.g., by the World Economic Forum) and a centralized registry for claiming the environmental benefits of SAF (e.g., by the Sustainable Aviation Buyers Alliance, the Energy Web Foundation, and the Rocky Mountain Institute).

This Heads Up discusses COSO’s recently issued landmark interpretive report on how its "Internal Control — Integrated Framework" (the “COSO Framework”) can apply to sustainable business activities and information. The report illuminates how the COSO Framework’s 5 components and 17 principles can help companies establish an effective and integrated system of internal control over their material or decision-useful sustainable business information.

This Heads Up highlights key provisions of the European Union’s recently approved Corporate Sustainability Reporting Directive (CSRD), whose sustainability reporting requirements are much broader than those proposed in the United States and will affect all companies with significant operations in E.U. jurisdictions, including U.S.-based companies with as little as one subsidiary or branch in the European Union.

This Financial Reporting Alert examines certain potential impacts of climate-related matters on an entity’s financial accounting and reporting in the context of the existing accounting guidance and current regulatory environment. While these impacts will vary depending on the entity’s industry and other factors, all entities should evaluate environmental-related financial accounting and reporting implications.

This Accounting Spotlight examines environmental credits and certain current U.S. accounting practices, regulatory developments, and other accounting issues associated with them. Originally issued in October 2022, this publication was updated to reflect the expanded coverage of this topic in Deloitte’s November 16, 2022, Financial Reporting Alert on financial reporting considerations related to environmental events and activities.

This issue summarizes and compares key provisions of (1) the SEC’s March 2022 proposed rule on climate-related disclosure, (2) the International Sustainability Standards Board’s March 2022 proposed standards on general sustainability and climate reporting, and (3) the European Financial Reporting Advisory Group’s April 2022 proposed European Sustainability Reporting Standards developed in accordance with the European Commission’s proposed Corporate Sustainability Reporting Directive. The newsletter also discusses considerations for companies as they take action to prepare for the changing disclosure landscape.

This issue expands on our March 21, 2022, executive summary by providing details and considerations related to specific disclosures that would be required under the SEC’s proposed rule "The Enhancement and Standardization of Climate-Related Disclosures for Investors." Under the proposed rule, such disclosures would include metrics that reflect the impact of climate-related events, transition activities, and expenditures; financial statement estimates and assumptions; greenhouse gas emission data; governance plans; and climate-related risks, among other information.

This issue discusses the SEC’s proposed rule The Enhancement and Standardization of Climate-Related Disclosures for Investors. Under the proposed rule, a registrant would be required to provide disclosures about greenhouse gas emissions (with attestation for Scope 1 and Scope 2 disclosures), certain financial statement disclosures, and qualitative and governance disclosures within its registration statements and annual reports (e.g., Form 10-K). Comments on the proposed rule are due 30 days after its publication in the Federal Register or May 20, 2022, whichever is later.

This issue summarizes key insights from this year’s AICPA & CIMA Conference on Current SEC and PCAOB Developments. The conference brings together key stakeholders to discuss developments in accounting, financial reporting, auditing, and other related matters, serving as a platform to address emerging areas of focus and trends affecting the profession.

This issue discusses recent and anticipated moves toward improving the consistency and comparability of companies’ sustainability disclosures in their general-purpose financial reporting, including a key development announced at the 26th United Nations Conference of the Parties (COP26).

This issue takes a strategic look at some of the most common accounting and reporting considerations associated with climate-related matters in the current business environment along with relevant SEC developments.

This issue discusses a sample letter recently released by the SEC’s Division of Corporation Finance (DCF) that highlights the types of comments the DCF may issue to public companies regarding climate-related disclosures.

This issue discusses the increasing importance of providing consistent, comparable, and transparent disclosures about environmental, social, and governance (ESG) matters. Companies should begin to prepare themselves for mandatory climate-related and other ESG disclosures, since this regulated landscape for ESG disclosures will differ significantly from the current landscape of voluntary reporting. In the forthcoming regulatory environment, it will be essential for companies to improve the completeness, accuracy, and reliability of their ESG-related disclosures by employing sound governance, oversight, and data-management processes and controls.

This issue examines certain potential effects of environmental, social, and governance (ESG) matters on a company’s financial accounting and reporting in the context of the existing accounting guidance and the current regulatory environment. While these effects will vary depending on the company’s industry along with factors such as relevant regulatory, legal, and contractual obligations, all entities should evaluate ESG-related financial accounting and reporting implications.

This issue discusses the SEC’s recently issued request for input on climate-change disclosures. Interested parties are encouraged to provide feedback to the SEC by June 13, 2021.

The CAQ has released a publication "The Role of the Auditor in Climate-Related Information."

On April 16, 2025, a directive that delays the deadlines for adopting and applying sustainability reporting and due diligence requirements for certain companies was published in the Official Journal of the European Union and became effective April 17, 2025.

The European Commission (EC) has announced the release of proposals that are aimed at “creating a more favourable business environment to help EU companies grow, innovate, and create quality jobs.”

The CAQ has released a publication that discusses key sustainability reporting considerations for legislators and regulators.

The California Air Resources Board (CARB) has released an information solicitation to request feedback on how it should approach the implementation of climate-related Senate Bills (SBs) 253 and 261.

The FASB has released proposed GAAP taxonomy enhancements related to its proposed Accounting Standards Update Environmental Credits and Environmental Credit Obligations (Topic 818).

The U.S. Department of the Treasury and several other federal agencies have released a joint policy statement and principles related to voluntary carbon markets (VCMs).

The SEC has released an order staying its recently issued final rule on climate-related disclosures pending judicial review of all of the petitions challenging the rule (i.e., the petitions pending in six circuit courts of appeal).

The U.S. Judicial Panel on Multidistrict Litigation has released a consolidation order that designates the U.S. District Court of Appeals for the Eighth Circuit as the court that will review all of the petitions challenging the SEC’s recently issued final rule on climate-related disclosures (i.e., the petitions pending in six circuit courts of appeal) on a consolidated basis.

The SEC has released a final rule that requires registrants to provide comprehensive climate-related disclosures in their annual reports and registration statements, including those for IPOs, beginning with annual reports for the year ending December 31, 2025, for calendar-year-end large-accelerated filers.

The International Auditing and Assurance Standards Board (IAASB) has unanimously approved the release of a proposed standard, International Standard on Sustainability Assurance 5000, General Requirements for Sustainability Assurance Engagements.

The International Sustainability Standards Board (ISSB) has issued its inaugural disclosure standards: IFRS S1, General Requirements for Disclosure of Sustainability-related Financial Information, and IFRS S2, Climate-related Disclosures.

On March 30, 2023, the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO) released a study with supplemental guidance, “Achieving Effective Internal Control Over Sustainability Reporting (ICSR): Building Trust and Confidence Through the COSO Internal Control — Integrated Framework.”

The Center for Audit Quality (CAQ) has released a publication, “The Role of the Auditor in Climate-Related Information.”

The GASB has issued a publication, “Intersection of Environmental, Social, and Governance Matters With Governmental Accounting Standards.”

At its May 25, 2022, meeting, the FASB discussed its projects on (1) interim reporting: narrow-scope improvements, (2) agenda consultation, and (3) ESG-linked financial instruments.

The SEC has issued a proposed rule, "Enhanced Disclosures by Certain Investment Advisers and Investment Companies About Environmental, Social, and Governance Investment Practices." The proposal would “promote consistent, comparable, and reliable information for investors concerning funds’ and advisers’ incorporation of environmental, social, and governance (‘ESG’) factors.”

At its May 11, 2022, meeting, the FASB discussed its projects on the following topics: (1) accounting for exchange-traded digital assets and commodities, (2) targeted improvements to income tax disclosure requirements, and (3) accounting for financial instruments with environmental, social, and governance (ESG)–linked features and regulatory credits.

The International Sustainability Standards Board (ISSB) has issued two exposure drafts (EDs): ED/2022/S1, “General Requirements for Disclosure of Sustainability-related Financial Information,” and ED/2022/S2, “Climate-related Disclosures.” The EDs would provide “requirements for the disclosure of material information about a company’s significant sustainability-related risks and opportunities that is necessary for investors to assess a company’s enterprise value.”

The SEC has issued a proposed rule, "The Enhancement and Standardization of Climate-Related Disclosures for Investors." The proposal would require “registrants to include certain climate-related disclosures in their registration statements and periodic reports, including information about climate-related risks that are reasonably likely to have a material impact on their business, results of operations, or financial condition, and certain climate-related financial statement metrics in a note to their audited financial statements.”

The IFRS Foundation has announced that it is establishing a new International Sustainability Standards Board (ISSB). The ISSB’s objective is to develop global standards and disclosure requirements “that address companies’ impacts on sustainability matters relevant to assessing enterprise value and making investment decisions.”

The Center for Audit Quality (CAQ) has released Audited Financial Statements and Climate-Related Risk Considerations, a report that addresses “how the key elements of the current accounting and auditing requirements in the United States are required to be applied by company management and auditors with respect to climate-related risks and the audited financial statements.”

The SEC’s Division of Examinations has issued a risk alert on environmental, social, and governance (ESG) reporting. The alert highlights “observations from recent exams of investment advisers, registered investment companies, and private funds offering ESG products and services.”

The SEC’s Acting Chair Allison H. Lee has issued a statement requesting input from investors, registrants, and other market participants on whether current disclosures related to climate change “adequately inform investors.”

The SEC’s Acting Chair Allison H. Lee has directed the Division of Corporation Finance to review the existing climate-related guidance from its 2010 interpretation, "Commission Guidance Regarding Disclosure Related to Climate Change."

The AICPA, CIMA, and CAQ have issued a roadmap, "ESG Reporting and Attestation: A Roadmap for Audit Practitioners."