1.6 Property, Plant, and Equipment
The table below shows the differences that exist between IFRS Accounting
Standards and U.S. GAAP in several key areas of property, plant, and equipment
(PP&E), including (1) borrowing costs that can be included in the cost of the
PP&E, (2) revaluation, and (3) component depreciation.
Topic
|
IFRS Accounting Standards (IAS 16, IAS 23, IAS
40)
| U.S. GAAP (ASC 360, ASC 835-20) |
---|---|---|
Borrowing costs — length of time
|
An entity must capitalize interest if the time
to get assets ready for their intended use or sale is
substantial (interpreted to mean at least one year).
|
An entity must capitalize interest costs while a
qualifying asset is being prepared for its intended use,
regardless of the length of time needed to get the asset
ready.
|
Borrowing costs — qualifying assets
|
Qualifying assets exclude equity method
investments. Borrowing costs for the funding of construction
activities in equity-accounted vehicles cannot be capitalized
because investments in associates are financial assets.
|
Qualifying assets under U.S. GAAP include:
|
Borrowing costs — acquisition
|
Borrowing costs that are directly attributable to the
acquisition, construction, or production of a qualifying asset
are included in the cost of that asset.
Such borrowing costs are capitalized as part of the cost of the
asset when it is probable that they will result in future
economic benefits to the entity and the costs can be measured
reliably.
Borrowing costs include:
IAS 23 states that “[a]n entity shall recognise other borrowing
costs as an expense in the period in which it incurs them.”
|
The amount of interest cost to be capitalized
for qualifying assets is intended to be that portion of the
interest cost incurred during the assets’ acquisition periods
that theoretically could have been avoided if expenditures for
the assets had not been made.
|
Subsequent measurement — revaluation
|
PP&E and investment properties may be revalued to fair value
if fair value can be measured reliably.
For PP&E, changes are recognized directly in equity and are
required for all assets in the same class. For investment
properties, revaluation changes are recognized in the income
statement.
|
Properties are carried at their historical costs, and revaluation
is not permitted.
|
Component depreciation
|
An item of PP&E that consists of several components that have
different useful lives (or patterns of consumption if
applicable) must be depreciated separately.
|
Component depreciation is not required but is
considered acceptable. Using a higher-level unit of account is
acceptable, including using composite depreciation, which is
common in certain industries, such as utilities and railroads.
Under the composite approach, no gain or loss is generally
recognized at the time of disposal or retirement of an item of
PP&E; instead, the net book value is offset against
accumulated depreciation. Generally, depreciation of an asset
that consists of several components is calculated by using one
blended depreciation rate.
|